English: The age and ultimate fate of the universe can be determined by measuring the Hubble constant today and extrapolating with the observed value of the deceleration parameter, uniquely characterized by values of density parameters (ΩM for matter and ΩΛ for dark energy). A "closed universe" with ΩM > 1 and ΩΛ = 0 comes to an end in a Big Crunch and is considerably younger than its Hubble age. An "open universe" with ΩM ≤ 1 and ΩΛ = 0 expands forever and has an age that is closer to its Hubble age. For the accelerating universe with nonzero ΩΛ that we inhabit, the age of the universe is coincidentally very close to the Hubble age.
This file supersedes the file Universe.svg. It is recommended to use this file rather than the other one.
Reason why to use this file over the other file: "Improvements: better dash patterns, more accurate curves (actual solutions of the Friedmann equations, not hand-drawn)."
This diagram uses the following exact solutions to the Friedmann equations:
See also
Some of the shown models are implemented as an animation at Cosmos-animation.
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Solutions of the Friedmann Equations (not hand drawn)
{{Information |Description=Intended as a replacement for File:Universe.svg and File:Universos.gif. Improvements: better dash patterns, more accurate curves (actual solutions of the Friedmann equations, not hand-drawn). |Source=Own work by upload